Best Nootropics for Energy

Nootropic Supplements Used for Energy

Life is filled with challenges and keeping up with these challenges can be demanding.  This is true in terms of both physical and mental energy.  Fortunately, there are well-known, proven herbs which have been used by many cultures around the world, sometimes for thousands of years, to promote energy and reduce fatigue.  Some of the most effective energy and stamina nootropics are more common than one might think, while others are a bit more obscure and less known.  Regardless of their stature, it is possible to enhance any nootropic stack with energy after selecting just one or a few of the nootropics on this list.

Energetic Older Couple

Top Nootropics for Energy

Out of all nootropics used for energy and stamina, the nootropic supplements on this list are the greatest herbs for battling fatigue and keeping the mind and body going!

Cordyceps Mushroom

Codyceps Mushroom is a very traditional nootropic, having a long history of being used as an anti-fatigue supplement. It is known to boost endurance and stamina (Hirsch et al., 2017).  It is also shown in multiple studies to specifically improve exercise endurance capacity (Kumar et al., 2011).  The herb is also a powerful antioxidant, giving the body a better opportunity to naturally produce more energy (Takami et al., 2019). There are many bioactive constituents which contribute to Cordyceps’ ability to produce more energy in the body, including nucleosides, peptides, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids (Geng et al., 2017).

Longvida Curcumin

Tumeric

Also known as Turmeric, Curcumin has been used in Eastern cultures for thousands of years to reduce fatigue and produce more energy in the body.  In fact, modern studies have revealed the herb as one of the most powerful anti-fatigue nootropics (Cox et al., 2015).  It also reduces fatigue-related stress, which improves the body’s natural energy production (2015).  The nootropic’s wide spectrum bioactivities are most likely responsible for its ability to improve exercise performance, reduce fatigue, and promote overall health (Huang et al., 2015). There are also reports that indicate the herb has properties which reduce symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (Campen & Visser, 2019).

Panax Ginseng

Panax Ginseng is one of the more popular nootorpics, with a long history of being used around the world for thousands of years (Chevallier, 2016). It is such a powerful energy producer that it is turned to by athletes looking for increased performance.  It is well-known to help the body fight fatigue and improve endurance (2016).  The energy boosting properties of Panax can mostly be attributed to its capability to bypass glycogen and make better use of fatty acids (Balch, 2010).   It’s energy producing properties are so powerful that it is often used to improve one’s ability to adapt to extreme temperatures (Chevallier, 2016). Additional benefits include the ability to reduce the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (Beshara, 2019) and sustain respiration, especially in stressful situations (Orr, 2014).

Poria Mushroom

Poria Mushroom is very popular in Ancient Chinese medicine, being used for more than two thousand years (Li et al., 2019). It has been used in traditional Asian cultures for its ability to reduce fatigue and improve general vitality (Lin et al., 2012).  It is a traditional, holistic remedy for chronic fatigue syndrome (Chen et al., 2010).

Primavie Shilajit

Shilajit

Shilajit is well-known in Ayurvedic practice for its ability to improve energy and reduce fatigue (Carrasco-Gallardo et al., 2012).  It is also used to help the body conserve energy and promote endurance (2012).  The energy boosts offered by Shilajit are thought to have come from the herb’s ability to metabolize more ATP in the body, even promoting mitochondrial function (Keller et al., 2019). Modern studies have revealed the herb to have the ability to improve exercise performance, enhance anti-fatigue effects, and increase overall strength in the body (2019).

Red Reishi Mushroom

Red Reishi Mushrooms are native to Asian cultures, where they are very commonly used for their antioxidant and anti-fatigue properties (Knechtges, 1996).  They are well-known for their ability to improve general vitality and fight fatigue (Paterson, 2006).  The fungi is even called the “Mushroom of Immortality” throughout China (Wachtel-Galor et al., 2011).  This is primarily for its energy boosting, anti-fatigue abilities (2011). The bioactive constituents responsible for its longevity and energy preserving properties include nucleosides, peptides, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids (Geng et al., 2017). Many modern studies back the herb’s ability to improve energy and bolster stamina (2017).

Tongkat Ali

Tongkat Ali

Tongkat Ali has been used as an energy and stamina booster throughout both modern and traditional cultures for thousands of years (Rehman et al., 2016).  The plant is very popular amongst body building and athletic communities for its ability to improve endurance, reduce exercise fatigue, and even build muscle strength (Khanijo and Jiraungkoorskul, 2016).  Many modern studies prove that the herb can enhance the body’s ability to use and produce energy.  It is well-known for promoting more even use of energy throughout the body overtime (2016).

Last Words on Using Nootropics for Energy

Nootropics have proven to be an excellent source of energy.  As listed above, several nootropics have taken center stage for energy production and overall stamina improvement.  There are a lot of studies which back these claims for each nootropic on this list, and they all are extremely viable options for any energy-based nootropic stack.  Combining a few of these nootropics is an even better option, offering an enhanced energy potency.

A Note From NooFiles

This article is intended to be used for information only.  We want to remind you that consulting your physician is recommended before adding any dietary supplement of any kind to your daily regimen.

Sources

Balch, P. (2010). Prescription for Nutritional Healing. Fifth Edition. Avery Publishing. New York, New York. ISBN 978-1-58333-400-3

Beshara, J., Engle, D., and Haynes, K. (2019). Beyond Coffee. Monocle Publishing. ISBN 9781544505459

Campen, L., & Visser, F. (2019). The Effect of Curcumin in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Disparate Responses in Different Disease Severities. Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology. Edelweiss Publications. Vol. 2(1). Pp. 22-27. ISSN: 2638-8235

Carrasco-Gallardo, C., Guzmán, L., and Maccioni, R. B. (2012). Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. International journal of Alzheimer’s disease. PMID: 674142. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/674142

Chen, R., Moriya, J., Yamakawa, J., Takahashi, T., and Kanda, T. (2010). Traditional chinese medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. Vol. 7(1). Pp. 3–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nen017

Chevallier, A. (2016). Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. Third Edition. DK Publishing. New York, New York. ISBN 978-1-4654-4981-8

Cox, K., Pipingas, A., and Scholey, A. (2015). Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population. J Psychopharmacol. Vol. 29(5). Pp. 642-51. DOI: 10.1177/0269881114552744

Geng, P., Siu, K. C., Wang, Z., & Wu, J. Y. (2017). Antifatigue Functions and Mechanisms of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms. BioMed research international. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9648496

Hirsch, K. R., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Roelofs, E. J., Trexler, E. T., & Mock, M. G. (2017). Cordyceps militaris Improves Tolerance to High-Intensity Exercise After Acute and Chronic Supplementation. Journal of dietary supplements. Vol. 14(1). Pp. 42–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2016.1203386

Huang, W., Chiu, W., Chuang, H., Tang, D., Lee, Z., Wei, L., Chen, F., and Huang, C. (2015). Effect of curcumin supplementation on physiological fatigue and physical performance in mice. Nutrients. Vol. 7(2). Pp. 905–921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7020905

Keller, J. L., Housh, T. J., Hill, E. C., Smith, C. M., Schmidt, R. J., and Johnson, G. O. (2019). The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 16(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0270-2

Khanijo, T., and Jiraungkoorskul, W. (2016). Review Ergogenic Effect of Long Jack, Eurycoma Longifolia. Pharmacognosy reviews, Vol. 10(20). Pp. 139–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.194041

Knechtges, D. (1996). Wen Xuan or Selections of Refined Literature. 3. Princeton University Press. Pp. 201-211. ISBN 9780691021263.

Kumar, R., Negi, P., Singh, B., Ilavazhagan, G., Bhargava, K., Sethy, N., (2011). Cordyceps sinensis promotes exercise endurance capacity of rats by activating skeletal muscle metabolic regulators. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Vol. 136(1). Pp. 260-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.040.

Li, X., He, Y., Zeng, P., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Hao, C., Wang, H., Lv, Z., & Zhang, L. (2019). Molecular basis for Poria cocos mushroom polysaccharide used as an antitumour drug in China. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. Vol. 23(1). Pp. 4–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13564

Lin, Z., Gu, J., Xiu, J., Mi, T., Dong, J., and Tiwari, J. K. (2012). Traditional chinese medicine for senile dementia. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. PMID: 21808655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/692621

Orr, S. (2014). The New American Herbal. Clarkson Potter Publishers. New York, New York. ISBN 978-0-449-81993-7

Paterson, R., (2006). Ganoderma – A therapeutic fungal biofactory. Phytochemistry. Vol. 67(18). Pp. 1985-2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.07.004

Rehman, S. U., Choe, K., and Yoo, H. H. (2016). Review on a Traditional Herbal Medicine, Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali): Its Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Evidence-Based Pharmacology and Toxicology. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), Vol. 21(3). Pp. 331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21030331

Takami, M., Aoi, W., Terajima, H., Tanimura, Y., Wada, S., & Higashi, A. (2019). Effect of dietary antioxidant-rich foods combined with aerobic training on energy metabolism in healthy young men. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 64(1), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.18-40 Wachtel-Galor, S., Yuen, J., Buswell, J., and Benzie, I. (2011). Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi): A Medicinal Mushroom. In Benzie, Iris F. F.; Wachtel-Galor, Sissi (eds.). Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-4398-0713-2.

The Nootropics Library: Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia)

Everything You Need To Know About Tongkat Ali

General Information

Scientific Name: Eurycoma longifolia

Any Other Names: Pasak bumi

Primary Constituents: Glycoprotein (Eurycomanol, Eurycomanone, Eurycomalactone)

Country or Region of Origin: Indochina, Indonesia, Philippines

Known Uses: Energy, Stamina, Endurance, Aphrodisiac, Libido Booster, Topical Pain Relief for Headaches and Stomach Aches, and General Tonic

TONGKAT ALI

General History & Introduction

Tongkat Ali is a medium-sized shrub and commonly used in a variety of supplements and beverages.  It is prevalent throughout Indochina and Indonesia. The plant has a strong presence in much folklore and culture in the area as a versatile tonic, holistic medicine, aphrodisiac, antibiotic, appetite stimulant and general health supplement (Rehman et al., 2016).   Both established literature and empirical studies have shown Tongkat’s long established value in reducing anxiety (Khanijo and Jiraungkoorskul, 2016). It is no wonder that the plant’s combined benefits to physical performance have made it popular in the world of athletics (2016).  Tongkat has a lot to offer and is an extremely versatile herb.

Nootropic Benefits of Tongkat Ali

Energy, Stamina Booster

STAMINA

Both traditional and modern cultures have turned to Tongkat for its incredible energy-boosting properties (Rehman et al., 2016).  The plant has gained popular traction within the body building and athletic communities by offering increased muscle strength and endurance (Khanijo and Jiraungkoorskul, 2016).  There are studies which suggest the herb can enhance energy utilization and energy production. Tongkat also contributes to stamina by helping the body sustain more energy overtime and reducing fatigue (2016).

Aphrodisiac, Libido Booster

Tongkat is well-known throughout much of Asia as an herbal remedy for erectile dysfunction (Tambi and Imran, 2010). In fact, it has been stated that the herb can not only relieve stresses which prevent a stable libido, but many studies purport it also boost male fertility (2010). There are many studies which have suggested it could increase testosterone and overall sexual performance (Ang et al., 2000). In fact, it is even suggested that Tongkat Ali got one of its traditional nicknames “Ali’s Walking Stick” in reference to its aphrodisiac properties (Rehman et al., 2016).

Topical Pain Relief (Headaches and Stomach Aches)

HEADACHE

Besides the fact Tongkat was used as a topical analgesic, the herb has been traditionally used for its purported antibiotic properties (Rehman et al., 2016).  The plant has extremely potent fever-reducing properties (2016). It is also well-revered for its anti-inflammatory benefits (Han et al., 2016).  Tongkat’s ability to offer topical pain relief and similar, anti-inflammatory properties, is due its ability to inactivate NF-kB signaling pathways (2016).  Additionally, the herb is known to offer antibacterial and antifungal properties (Khanijo and Jiraungkoorskul, 2016).  It has even been known to offer antimicrobial and antiparasitic effects (2016).

General Tonic and Other Benefits

Tongkat Ali is regularly used as a treatment for diarrhea, constipation and indigestion, aches, and even osteoporosis (Rehman et al., 2016). It has been used to treat syphilis and glandular swelling. It has also been used in cancer treatments and for its purported anti-aging benefits (2016). The plant has been used throughout traditional Indochina medicine as a natural treatment for anxiety (Khanijo and Jiraungkoorskul, 2016).  There are many studies which prove it to be successful in reducing stress and promoting a calm physiological state.  Part of the plant’s benefits to reduced stress and improved physiological state can be contributed to its antioxidant properties (2016).

Dosing and Usage Information

Typical dosing for Tongkat Ali as a dietary supplement is between 100 and 1000 mg a day, depending upon the potency of the extract (or dry herb). Typically, the root of the herb is used to produce extracts and supplements, as most of the active constituents are present in the roots (Rehman et al., 2016).

Side Effects

Tongkat Ali has been generally accepted as safe for use within established daily values.

Conclusion

TONGKAT TEA

Tongkat is a well-revered, popular plant and tonic throughout a large portion of Asian cultures. It is widely versatile and an easy-to-get supplement that offers many benefits to almost any nootropic stack.  It has a strong background in offering energy, stamina, aphrodisiac, pain relief, and many other benefits.  Although there are many reasons one might include this herb in their daily regimen, athletes in particular benefit from Tongkat Ali. Regardless, the herb is a valued part of traditional and modern holistic healing and a well-valued nootropic.

A Note from NooFiles

This article is intended to be used for information only.  We want to remind you that consulting your physician is recommended before adding any dietary supplement of any kind to your daily regimen.

Sources:

Ang, H., Cheang, H., and Yusof, A. (2000). Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on the initiation of sexual performance of inexperienced castrated male rats. Exp Anim.  Vol. 49(1). Pp. 35-8. DOI: 10.1538/expanim.49.35

Han, Y., Woo, S., Choi, M., Park, Y., Kim, S., Yim, H., and Yoo, H. (2016). Anti inflammatory and analgesic effects of Eurycoma longifolia extracts. Arch Pharm Res. Vol. 39(3). Pp. 421-8. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0711-2

Khanijo, T., and Jiraungkoorskul, W. (2016). Review Ergogenic Effect of Long Jack, Eurycoma Longifolia. Pharmacognosy reviews, Vol. 10(20). Pp. 139–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.194041

Rehman, S. U., Choe, K., and Yoo, H. H. (2016). Review on a Traditional Herbal Medicine, Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali): Its Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Evidence-Based Pharmacology and Toxicology. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), Vol. 21(3). Pp. 331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21030331

Tambi, M. I., & Imran, M. K. (2010). Eurycoma longifolia Jack in managing idiopathic male infertility. Asian journal of andrology, 12(3), 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1038/aja.2010.7

The Nootropics Library: Curcumin (Turmeric)

Everything You Need to Know About Curcumin (Turmeric)

General Information

Scientific Name: Curcuma longa (of the Zingiberaceae family)

Any Other Names: Longvida Curcumin, Longvida Optimized Curcumin, Turmeric Curcumin, Haldi (Hindi), Jiang Huang (Chinese)

Primary Constituents: Curcumin, Curcuminoids (Demethoxycurcumin and Bidesmethoxycurcumin), Resin, Bitter Principles, Volatile Oils (Zingiberen and Turmerone)

Country or Region of Origin: Native to India and Southeast Asia, Cultivated in Regions Around 75 Degrees Fahrenheit with Heavy Rainfall

Known Uses: Cognitive Function, Memory, Mood, Anti-Fatigue, Anti-inflammation, Dye, Culinary Ingredient, and More

General History & Introduction

Turmeric is a bright yellow plant native to India and Southern Asia.  It is also found in many tropical regions, though it does require a humid climate and well-drained soil (Chevallier, 2016).  It has a long history of being used in Ancient Ayurvedic and Chinese medicines. It has been used to treat some short-term ailments, as well as more chronic health problems.  A lot of the research and empirical data currently being collected on the herb and its primary constituent, Curcumin, have been confirming the traditional uses of the plant (2016).

Turmeric has been a part of intercontinental trade since the early 1400s, becoming very popular in Europe as a result (Chevallier, 2016).  The Europeans believed that herbs like Curcumin allowed for greater longevity and healthier lives (2016).  This fad would catch on in North America in modern years with Turmeric becoming popular for cooking and its use as a dietary supplement.

Curcumin is an excellent, natural way to get a genuine boost to cognitive performance and memory (Kuszewski et al., 2018). It is a wonderful mood stabilizer, improving calmness and thwarting depression (Ramaholimihaso et al., 2020). The herb has been used to reduce fatigue and inflammation and has proven its worth in a variety of other ways (Chevallier, 2016).  It is reasonable to suggest Turmeric and Curcumin deserve more attention and research, so that the nootropics world can more fully understand the potential benefits.

Nootropic Benefits of Curcumin (Turmeric)

Cognitive Function and Memory

One study analyzed the long-term effects of Curcumin in healthy adults to find to significantly increased memory in study participants (Cox et al., 2015). This same study also outlined a recorded benefit in cognitive function. Specifically, the empirical data highlighted an improved state of attention and working memory tasks. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial also supported the claim that Curcumin can improve memory (2015). Recent studies have shown the herb’s positive effects on dementia and traumatic brain injury (Mishra & Palanivelu, 2008).  This same research outlined its additional benefit as an antioxidant, and as having the ability to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer’s patients (2008).

MEDICAL-JOURNAL

Many modern studies have begun to reveal curcumin’s true positive effects on cognitive function and working memory (Kuszewski et al., 2018). A recent, long-term double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of curcumin published in a popular psychiatry journal has uncovered more significant cognitive benefits stemming from its anti-amyloid brain effects (Small et al., 2018).  The study measured significant benefits which included improved memory and attention-span, and decreased plaque accumulation in the brain regions which modulate memory (2018).

Mood

A recent study showcased the nootropic’s ability to significantly improve mood (Cox et al., 2015). These studies report participants as experiencing a ‘state of calmness’ (2015). Another noteworthy study called Curcumin a generally “health-promoting” agent (Stohs et al., 2020).  Turmeric has been proven to offer mood enhancing effects which specifically treat depression (Ramaholimihaso et al., 2020). Not only can the herb help reduce symptoms of depression, but it has been proposed as a potential alternative treatment for managing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as well as reducing oxidative stress (2020). Some more recent research has outlined the results of a FDDNP-PET scan post Curcumin-treatment to reveal a decrease in plaque and tangle accumulation in the brain region which modulates mood (Small et al., 2018).

Anti-Fatigue

TIRED

Turmeric has been a traditional remedy for chronic fatigue throughout many Eastern cultures. In modern times, there have been studies which do prove Curcumin’s ability to reduce fatigue and fatigue-induced stress (Cox et al., 2015). One study showcased the supplement’s potential wide spectrum bioactivities which could be responsible for improving exercise performance, reducing fatigue, and promoting overall health (Huang et al., 2015). Curcumin has also been suggested to have the ability to reduce symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (Campen & Visser, 2019).

Anti-inflammation

One study outlines the nootropic’s ability to reduce inflammation, even pointing out the herb could ultimately alleviate symptoms in patients suffering from certain forms of arthritis (Gupte et al., 2019).  And although Turmeric is not directly used for pain relief, the anti-inflammation properties can make it a useful long-term treatment for arthritis, as it leads to reduced pain (Chevallier, 2016). It is also commonly used to treat allergies, asthma, and eczema for the same reason. These anti-inflammatory properties and the herb’s other effects make it an excellent choice for treating circulatory disorders. It has even been suggested to have the ability to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack (2016).

Other Uses

Turmeric was well-known in Ayurvedic medicine as well, traditionally being used as a treatment for jaundice (Chevallier, 2016).  It would also become a part of many other herbal remedies as a bitter and for its various medicinal properties. Some of these benefits include antimicrobial properties, anti-platelet properties (thins the blood), and its ability to lower cholesterol levels. It can be used to treat athlete’s foot, and even motion sickness (2016).

While there is not currently enough information or research, Turmeric is being investigated for its potential to prevent certain types of cancers (Chevallier, 2016). It has been used to treat some skin conditions, including fungal infections and psoriasis. It is also used to treat and reduce nausea. And although unproven, it has been suggested to have the ability to prevent some autoimmune diseases (2016).

Dosing and Usage Information

Turmeric extract supplements usually offer 500 to 2000 mg daily servings, depending upon the extract ratio.  Generally only the rhizome, or roots, of the plant are used for culinary or medicinal purposes (Chevallier, 2016).  The roots are normally unearthed and broken into pieces, then boiled and dried before being further produced and manufactured.  Some preparations might include decoctions, powders, poultice (pastes), and herbal teas (2016).

Side Effects

Turmeric is generally accepted as safe when consumed as a dietary supplement within established daily values. Non-extracted products which offer up to 8 grams of curcumin in a daily serving are common. The rare side effects which can occur include diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and nausea (Hewlings & Kalman, 2017).

Conclusion

Although it is clear through the collection of many studies and clinical trials that Curcumin offers health benefits of various kinds (Stohs et al., 2020), more research will determine the full extent of these benefits. Still, enough research does exist to determine some baseline supplement benefits.  Curcumin is great for cognitive function, memory, and mood; and it is especially more useful with age (Cox et al., 2015).  In other words, while the supplement can help a young person in many ways, it will help older people with even greater effects. It can even purportedly prevent some aspects of mental decline altogether! And depending upon the goal of a nootropic stack, it is reasonable to find curcumin in many daily regimens.

A Note from NooFiles

This article is intended to be used for information only.  We want to remind you that consulting your physician is recommended before adding any dietary supplement of any kind to your daily regimen.

Sources:

Campen, L., & Visser, F. (2019). The Effect of Curcumin in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Disparate Responses in Different Disease Severities. Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology. Edelweiss Publications. Vol. 2(1). Pp. 22-27. ISSN: 2638-8235

Chevallier, A. (2016). Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. Third Edition. DK Publishing. New York, New York. ISBN 978-1-4654-4981-8

Cox, K., Pipingas, A., and Scholey, A. (2015). Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population. J Psychopharmacol. Vol. 29(5). Pp. 642-51. DOI: 10.1177/0269881114552744

Gupte, P., Giramkar, S., Harke, S., Kulkarni, S., Deshmukh, A., Hingorani, L., Mahajan, M., and Bhalerao, S. (2019). Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Capsule Longvida® Optimized Curcumin (solid lipid curcumin particles) in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot clinical study. Journal of inflammation research. Vol. 12. Pp. 145–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S205390

Hewlings, S. and Kalman, D. (2017). Curcumin: A Review of Its Effects on Human Health. Foods (Basel, Switzerland). Vol. 6(10). Pp. 92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6100092

Huang, W., Chiu, W., Chuang, H., Tang, D., Lee, Z., Wei, L., Chen, F., and Huang, C. (2015). Effect of curcumin supplementation on physiological fatigue and physical performance in mice. Nutrients. Vol. 7(2). Pp. 905–921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7020905

Kuszewski, J., Wong, R., and Howe, P. (2018). Can Curcumin Counteract Cognitive Decline? Clinical Trial Evidence and Rationale for Combining ω-3 Fatty Acids with Curcumin. Advances in Nutrition. Vol. 9(2). Pp. 105–113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmx013

Mishra, S., & Palanivelu, K. (2008). The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer’s disease: An overview. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. Vol. 11(1). Pp. 13–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.40220

Ramaholimihaso, T., Bouazzaoui, F., and Kaladjian, A. (2020). Curcumin in Depression: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Current Evidence-A Narrative Review. Frontiers in psychiatry. Vol. 11. PMID: 33329109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572533

Small, G., Siddarth, P., Li, Z., Miller, K., Ercoli, L., Emerson, N., Martinez, J., Wong, K., Liu, J., Merrill, D., Chen, S., Henning, S., Satyamurthy, N., Huang, S., Heber, D., and Barrio, J. (2018).Memory and Brain Amyloid and Tau Effects of a Bioavailable Form of Curcumin in Non-Demented Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 18-Month Trial. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Vol. 26(3). Pp. 266-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2017.10.010

Stohs, S., Chen, O., Ray, S., Ji, J., Bucci, L., and Preuss, H. (2020). Highly Bioavailable Forms of Curcumin and Promising Avenues for Curcumin-Based Research and Application: A Review. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). Vol. 25(6). Pp. 1397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061397